V2EX dynamical friction

Dynamical Friction

Definition / 定义

dynamical friction(动力摩擦/动力学摩擦):在天体物理中,指一个大质量天体(如恒星团、卫星星系、黑洞)在由许多较小粒子(如恒星、暗物质粒子)组成的介质中运动时,由引力相互作用在其后方形成“尾迹”并反向拉拽,从而使其逐渐减速并损失轨道能量与角动量的效应。(也常称 Chandrasekhar dynamical friction

Pronunciation / 发音

/danmkl frkn/

Examples / 例句

Dynamical friction slows a satellite galaxy as it orbits a larger galaxy.
动力摩擦会使卫星星系在绕更大星系运行时逐渐减速。

In N-body simulations, dynamical friction can drive massive objects toward the galactic center over time.
在 N 体模拟中,动力摩擦会在较长时间尺度上把大质量天体逐步推向星系中心。

Etymology / 词源

dynamical 来自希腊语 dynamis(“力量、力”),强调“与力和运动相关的”;friction 源自拉丁语 fricare(“摩擦、擦”)。该术语在科学语境中并非指物体表面的接触摩擦,而是指由引力散射与群体效应产生的等效阻力。这一概念由物理学家 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 在20世纪中期系统化。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • Galactic Dynamics James Binney & Scott Tremaine(经典教材中系统讨论 dynamical friction)
  • Principles of Stellar Dynamics S. Chandrasekhar(与动力摩擦相关的奠基性著作与推导)
  • “Dynamical Friction. I. General Considerations…” S. Chandrasekhar(发表于 The Astrophysical Journal 的系列论文,提出并发展该理论)
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